http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Dipper The
Plough, also known as the
Big Dipper or the
Saptarishi (after the
seven rishis), is an
asterism of seven
stars
that has been recognized as a distinct grouping in many cultures from
time immemorial. The component stars are the seven brightest of the
formal
constellation Ursa Major.
The
Saptarishi (
सप्तर्षि saptarṣi a
Sanskrit dvigu meaning "seven sages") are the seven
rishis who are extolled at many places in the
Vedas and
Hindu literature... Sapta Rishis are the Hierarchy working under the guidance of the Highest Creative Intelligence, God. There were all
Saraswat Brahmins. The present batch of the Sapta Rishis:
Bhrigu,
Atri,
Angirasa,
Vasishta,
Pulastya,
Pulalaha and
Kratu.
They bring down to the earth the required Knowledge and Energies to
strengthen the processes of Transition (Pralaya). They are naturally the
most evolved Light Beings in the Creation and the guardians of the
Divine Laws.
Known as
Charles his waine in some areas of England, the Plough was formerly called by the old
name Charles' Wain ("wain" meaning "wagon," and derived from the still older
Carlswæn), as it still is in
Scandinavia,
Karlavagnen,
Karlsvogna, or
Karlsvognen. In the northeast of
England it is sometimes known as
Charlie's Waggon. A
folk etymology holds that it was named after
Charlemagne, but this common
Germanic name meant the
men's wagon (
the churls' wagon), in contrast to the
women's wagon (the
Little Dipper).
An older
Odin's Wain may have preceded these
Nordic designations.
In the same line of sight as
Mizar, but three light-years beyond it, is the star
Alcor (80
UMa). Together they are known as the
Horse and Rider.
At fourth magnitude, Alcor would normally be relatively easy to see
with the unaided eye, but its proximity to Mizar renders it more
difficult to resolve, and it has served as a traditional test of sight.
Mizar itself has four components and thus enjoys the distinction of
being part of an
optical binary as well as being the first-discovered
telescopic binary (1617) and the first-discovered
spectroscopic binary (1889).
Five of the stars of the Big Dipper are at the core of the
Ursa Major Moving Group.
The two at the ends, Dubhe and Alkaid, are not part of the swarm, and
are moving in the opposite direction. Relative to the central five, they
are moving down and to the right in the map. This will slowly change
the Dipper's shape, with the bowl opening up and the handle becoming
more bent. In 50,000 years the Dipper will no longer exist as we know
it, but be re-formed into a new Dipper facing the opposite way. The
stars Alkaid to Phecda will then constitute the bowl, while Phecda,
Merak, and Dubhe will be the handle!
In
Tolkien's
Middle-earth mythos, it is called the
Valacirca (Sickle of the Valar), the sign of Hope signifying doom for Evil, while in
T.A. Barron's
Great Tree of Avalon series, it is called the Wizard's Staff, symbolizing
Merlin's staff.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Star The North Star has historically been used for
navigation, both to find the direction of north and to determine
latitude.
It always appears due north in the sky, and the angle it makes with
respect to the horizon is equal to the latitude of the observer.