Landscape with snow, late February 1888.

Promenade, 1918

In the winter 

 The Lubyanskaya Square in Winter, 1905

  Boulevard de la Madeleine, Winter 

 Across the Common on a Winter Evening, 1885

  Fifth Avenue in Winter, 1919 

 Vetheuil in Winter, 1879 

 St. Petersburg. The ferry across the river, 1870 

http://www.wikipaintings.org/en/search/winter/1

theinfinityes.com

The first photograph of a fourth order rainbow
 A third-order and fourth-order rainbow can be seen at the center of this photograph. The tertiary and quaternary rainbows appear on the sunward side of the sky, rather than the opposite side of the sky,
as is the case for primary and secondary rainbows. This is the first picture of a quaternary rainbow in nature, and the second picture ever of a tertiary rainbow.

"A fourth order creation.

It's like fourth derivatives.

Actually... the equations of general relativity are second order in terms of derivatives.

But the second order of derivatives in terms of something called the metric tensor on the space–time continuum.

The idea of the fourth order, equatian, is not new.

But nobody's found anything that really looks good."

John Nash

A Fourth Order Fresnel Lens at The St Augustine Lighthouse museum.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogy 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphor 

Chinese Silk Suzhou Embroidery featuring A Cat watching a Praying Mantis displayed in a Rotating Rosewood Frame with stand.  Suzhou Embroidery in an Ancient Technique used to produce a double sided image of equal depth and quality.  This "floating" quality is produced by working the Mulberry Silk Threads on a transparent piece of Silk which is then placed between two plates of glass. The women of Sichuan Province have been famous for their exquisite embroidery since the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE). Suzhou (Su or Shu, for short) is highly prized because the artists embroider an image such as this cat on locally made satin, using silk thread, that looks the same when viewed from either side. (Silk embroidery must be done by hand because silk thread breaks in a machine.)

2012/02/20/pulsars.the.universes.gift.physics

The work is ongoing, and more measurements are needed. "Theorists are clever, so when we provide new data, they tweak their exotic models to fit what we've found," Ransom said.

SCOPE

(n.) Room or opportunity for free outlook or aim; space for action; amplitude of opportunity; free course or vent; liberty; range of view, intent, or action.

(n.) That at which one aims; the thing or end to which the mind directs its view; that which is purposed to be reached or accomplished; hence, ultimate design, aim, or purpose; intention; drift; object.

(n.) Length; extent; sweep; as, scope of cable

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam%27s_razor 
Occam's razor, also known as Ockham's razor, and sometimes expressed in Latin as lex parsimoniae (the law of parsimony, economy or succinctness), is a principle that generally recommends that, from among competing hypotheses, selecting the one that makes the fewest new assumptions usually provides the correct one, and that the simplest explanation will be the most plausible until evidence is presented to prove it false.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction
In particle physics, fundamental interactions (sometimes called interactive forces or fundamental forces) are the ways that elementary particles interact with one another. An interaction is fundamental when it cannot be described in terms of other interactions. The four known fundamental interactions, all of which are non-contact forces, are electromagnetism, strong interaction, weak interaction (also known as "strong nuclear force" and "weak nuclear force" respectively) and gravitation. With the possible exception of gravitation, these interactions can usually be described in a set of calculational approximation methods known as perturbation theory, as being mediated by the exchange of gauge bosons between particles. However, there are situations where perturbation theory does not adequately describe the observed phenomena, such as bound states and solitons.
In the conceptual model of fundamental interactions, matter consists of fermions, which carry properties called charges and spin ±¹⁄₂ (intrinsic angular momentum ±^ħ⁄₂, where ħ is the reduced Planck constant). They attract or repel each other by exchanging bosons.
Because an interaction results in fermions attracting and repelling each other, an older term for "interaction" is force.
DET HÄR ÄR FÖR SVÅRT
.

In a four kilogram jug of water there are [ ] of total electron charge. Thus, if we place two such jugs a meter apart, the electrons in one of the jugs repel those in the other jug with a force of [ ]
This is larger than what the planet Earth would weigh if weighed on another Earth. The nuclei in one jug also repel those in the other with the same force. However, these repulsive forces are cancelled by the attraction of the electrons in jug A with the nuclei in jug B and the attraction of the nuclei in jug A with the electrons in jug B, resulting in no net force. Electromagnetic forces are tremendously stronger than gravity but cancel out so that for large bodies gravity dominates.
Both magnitude ("relative strength") and "range", as given in the table, are meaningful only within a rather complex theoretical framework. It should also be noted that the table below lists properties of a conceptual scheme that is still the subject of ongoing research.
The modern (perturbative) quantum mechanical view of the fundamental forces other than gravity is that particles of matter (fermions) do not directly interact with each other, but rather carry a charge, and exchange virtual particles (gauge bosons), which are the interaction carriers or force mediators. For example, photons mediate the interaction of electric charges, and gluons mediate the interaction of color charges.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is the force that acts between electrically charged particles. This phenomenon includes the electrostatic force acting between charged particles at rest, and the combined effect of electric and magnetic forces acting between charge particles moving relative to each other.
Electromagnetism is infinite-ranged like gravity, but vastly stronger, and therefore describes a number of macroscopic phenomena of everyday experience such as friction, rainbows, lightning, and all human-made devices using electric current, such as television, lasers, and computers. Electromagnetism fundamentally determines all macroscopic, and many atomic level, properties of the chemical elements, including all chemical bonding.

fortsätter senare...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love
Love is an emotion of strong affection and personal attachment...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear
Fear is a distressing negative sensation induced by a perceived threat. It is a basic survival mechanism occurring in response to a specific stimulus, such as pain or the threat of danger. In short, fear is the ability to recognize danger leading to an urge to confront it or flee from it (also known as the fight-or-flight response) but in extreme cases of fear (terror) a freeze or paralysis response is possible.
Additionally, fear is frequently related to the specific behaviors of escape and avoidance, whereas anxiety is the result of threats which are perceived to be uncontrollable or unavoidable.

fortsätter senare...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticle
Illustration of electric charge as well as general size of particles (left) and antiparticles (right). From top to bottom; electron/positron, proton/antiproton, neutron/antineutron.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion
The English word emotion is derived from the French word émouvoir. This is based on the Latin emovere, where e- (variant of ex-) means "without" and movere means "move."
Emotion is a complex psychophysiological experience of an individual's state of mind as interacting with biochemical (internal) and environmental (external) influences. In humans, emotion fundamentally involves "physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience." Emotion is associated with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. Motivations direct and energize behavior, while emotions provide the affective component to motivation, positive or negative.
No definitive taxonomy of emotions exists, though numerous taxonomies have been proposed. Some categorizations include:

• "Cognitive" versus "non-cognitive" emotions
• Instinctual emotions (from the amygdala), versus cognitive emotions (from the prefrontal cortex).

There are basic and complex categories, where some basic emotions can be modified in some way to form complex emotions. In one model, the complex emotions could arise from cultural conditioning or association combined with the basic emotions. Alternatively, analogous to the way primary colors combine, primary emotions could blend to form the full spectrum of human emotional experience. For example interpersonal anger and disgust could blend to form contempt. Further to this, relationships exist between basic emotions, such as having positive or negative influences, with direct opposites existing. The contrasting and categorization of emotions describes these relationships.

Somatic theories of emotion claim that bodily responses rather than judgements are essential to emotions. The first modern version of such theories comes from William James in the 1880s. The theory lost favor in the 20th century, but has regained popularity more recently due largely to theorists such as John Cacioppo, António Damásio, Joseph E. LeDoux and Robert Zajonc who are able to appeal to neurological evidence.
For example, the emotion of love is proposed to be the expression of paleocircuits of the mammalian brain (specifically, modules of the cingulate gyrus) which facilitate the care, feeding, and grooming of offspring. Paleocircuits are neural platforms for bodily expression configured before the advent of cortical circuits for speech. They consist of pre-configured pathways or networks of nerve cells in the forebrain, brain stem and spinal cord.

Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us.
There is ample evidence that the left prefrontal cortex is activated by stimuli that cause positive approach. If attractive stimuli can selectively activate a region of the brain, then logically the converse should hold, that selective activation of that region of the brain should cause a stimulus to be judged more positively. This was demonstrated for moderately attractive visual stimuli and replicated and extended to include negative stimuli.

fortsättning senare...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-eye_hallucination
Closed-eye hallucinations and closed-eye visualizations (CEV) are a distinct class of hallucination. These types of hallucinations generally only occur when one's eyes are closed or when one is in a darkened room. They are a form of phosphene. 
Level 4: Objects and things. At this level, thoughts visually manifest as objects or environments. When this level is reached, the CEV noise seems to calm down and fade away, leaving behind an intense flat ordered blackness. The visual field becomes a sort of active space. A side component of this is the ability to feel motion when the eyes are closed.
Opening the eyes returns one to the normal physical world, but still with the CEV object field overlaid onto it and present. In this state it is possible to see things that appear to be physical objects in the open-eye physical world, but that aren't really there.

“	If we remember that the essential difference between what we call the real world and the world of imagination and hallucination, is not the elements of which we build them up but the sequence in which these elements appear... then it follows that the sequences directed from without represent a limitation of the otherwise unlimited combinations of the selective forms released at random from within
—- Jurij Moskvitin, Essay on the origin of thought. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_%28vision%29  A particular blind spot known as the blindspot, or physiological blind spot, or punctum caecum in medical literature, is the place in the visual field that corresponds to the lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the optic disc of the retina where the optic nerve passes through it. Since there are no cells to detect light on the optic disc, a part of the field of vision is not perceived. The brain interpolates the blind spot based on surrounding detail and information from the other eye, so the blind spot is not normally perceived. Although all vertebrates have this blind spot, cephalopod eyes, which are only superficially similar, do not. In them, the optic nerve approaches the receptors from behind, so it does not create a break in the retina. The first documented observation of the phenomenon was in the 1660s by Edme Mariotte in France.  At the time it was generally thought that the point at which the optic nerve entered the eye should actually be the most sensitive portion of the retina; however, Mariotte's discovery disproved this theory.    GJ 1214b orbits close to its host star. (An artist's rendering) Observations using the Hubble telescope now seem to confirm that a large fraction of its mass is water.

Tom Tit (det här är vi)

Tom Tim Tot
Once upon a time there was a woman, and she baked five pies. And when they came out of the oven, they were that overbaked the crusts were too hard to eat. So she says to her daughter:
“Darter,” says she, “put you them there pies on the shelf, and leave ’em there a little, and they’ll come again."–She meant, you know, the crust would get soft.
But the girl, she says to herself: “Well, if they’ll come again, I’ll eat ’em now.” And she set to work and ate ’em all, first and last...

Tom Tit apple mug

TOMTIT was an acronym for Transmission Of Matter Through Interstitial Time. TOMTIT could break down solid objects into light waves and transmit them from one place to another. The Master altered TOMTIT to act as a time travel device...
 
dictionary tomtit
: any of various small active birds 
Origin of TOMTIT probably short for tomtitmouse, from the name Tom + titmouse 
First Known Use: 1700

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronus

Mårbacka

 

 

Ju mer sol desto mer färg. (hör till Mårbacka-pelargon)
SGI  (jag såg den förkortningen på näthinnan)

 
http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4thinna
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina

DAKOTA 

means The Allies

FANNING

v. fanned, fan·ning, fans

v.tr.

1. To move or cause a current of (air) with or as if with a fan.

2. To direct a current of air or a breeze upon, especially in order to cool: fan one's face.

3. To stir (something) up by or as if by fanning: fanned the flames in the fireplace; a troublemaker who fanned resentment among the staff.

4. To open (something) out into the shape of a fan: The bird fanned its colorful tail.

5.

a. To fire (an automatic gun) in a continuous sweep by keeping one's finger on the trigger.

b. To fire (a nonautomatic gun) rapidly by chopping the hammer with the palm.

6. To winnow.

7. Baseball To strike out (a batter).

v.intr.

1. To spread out like a fan: The troops fanned out from the beachhead.

2. Baseball To strike out.
Dakota Fanning 

HONEYSUCKLE 

is Native across the northern hemisphere and inspires many with its sweet fragrance and hardiness. The druids, Chinese herbalists and the French have all attached different meanings to this flowering vine.

The Ogham was an ancient Celtic alphabet carved into stones, with each letter representing a certain plant or tree and the mystical meaning behind it. The honeysuckle character stood for following one's path, as a as a twisting vine, and attracting sweetness in life.

Traditional Chinese medicine has long relied on honeysuckle---called Jin Yin Hua---for a variety of cures. It is referred to as a cooling herb that removes toxins and provides the psychological benefit of quelling homesickness and feelings of nostalgia.

Honeysuckle vines are extremely hardy and difficult to kill once established in a garden. This attribute contributes to the honeysuckle's meaning of devotion and lasting bonds.

WEEKS 

From Middle English weke, from Old English wice, wucu (“week”), from Proto-Germanic *wikōn (“turn, succession, change, week”), from Proto-Indo-European *weig-, *weik- (“to bend, wind, turn, yield”). Related to Proto-Germanic *wīkanan (“to bend, yield, cease”). The Germanic word probably had a wider meaning prior to the adoption of the Roman calendar, perhaps "succession series"
Honeysuckle Weeks 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdala
In complex vertebrates, including humans, the amygdalae perform primary roles in the formation and storage of memories associated with emotional events. Research indicates that, during fear conditioning, sensory stimuli reach the basolateral complexes of the amygdalae, particularly the lateral nuclei, where they form associations with memories of the stimuli. The association between stimuli and the aversive events they predict may be mediated by long-term potentiation, a sustained enhancement of signalling between affected neurons.
More emotionally-arousing information increases amygdalar activity, and that activity correlates with retention. Amygdala neurons show various types of oscillation during emotional arousal, such as theta activity. These synchronized neuronal events could promote synaptic plasticity (which is involved in memory retention) by increasing interactions between neocortical storage sites and temporal lobe structures involved in declarative memory.
A 2003 study found that adult and adolescent bipolar patients tended to have considerably smaller amygdala volumes and somewhat smaller hippocampal volumes. Many studies have focused on the connections between the amygdala and autism.
Individuals with larger amygdalae had larger and more complex social networks. They were also better able to make accurate social judgments about other persons' faces. It is hypothesized that larger amygdalae allow for greater emotional intelligence, enabling greater societal integration and cooperation with others.
The right amygdala's role in fear and anxiety is well known. In one study,electrical stimulations of the right amygdala induced negative emotions, especially fear and sadness. In contrast, stimulation of the left amygdala was able to induce either pleasant (happiness) or unpleasant (fear, anxiety, sadness) emotions. Other evidence suggests the left amygdala plays a role in the brain's reward system.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus
The causes of schizophrenia are not at all well understood, but numerous abnormalities of brain structure have been reported. The most thoroughly investigated alterations involve the cerebral cortex, but effects on the hippocampus have also been described. Many reports have found reductions in the size of the hippocampus in schizophrenic subjects. The changes probably result from altered development rather than tissue damage, and show up even in subjects who have never been medicated. Several lines of evidence implicate changes in synaptic organization and connectivity. It is unclear whether hippocampal alterations play any role in causing the psychotic symptoms that are the most important feature of schizophrenia. Anthony Grace and his co-workers have suggested, on the basis of experimental work using animals, that hippocampal dysfunction might produce an alteration of dopamine release in the basal ganglia, thereby indirectly affecting the integration of information in the prefrontal cortex. Others have suggested that hippocampal dysfunction might account for disturbances in long term memory frequently observed in people with schizophrenia.
The hippocampus has a generally similar appearance across the range of mammal species, from monotremes such as the echidna to primates such as humans. The hippocampal-size-to-body-size ratio broadly increases, being about twice as large for primates as for the echidna. It does not, however, increase at anywhere close to the rate of the neocortex-to-body-size ratio. Therefore, the hippocampus takes up a much larger fraction of the cortical mantle in rodents than in primates. In adult humans, the volume of the hippocampus on each side of the brain is about 3–3.5 cm³, as compared to 320–420 cm³ for the volume of the neocortex.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brain
Estimates for the number of neurons (nerve cells) in the human brain range from 80 to 120 billion. Most of the expansion comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The portion of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision is also greatly enlarged in human beings, and several cortical areas play specifiThe dominant feature of the human brain is corticalization. The cerebral cortex in humans is so large that it overshadows every other part of the brain. A few subcortical structures show alterations reflecting this trend.c roles in language, a skill that is unique to humans.
Although there are enough variations in the shape and placement of gyri and sulci (cortical folds) to make every brain unique, most human brains show sufficiently consistent patterns of folding that allow them to be named.
Researchers who study the functions of the cortex divide it into three functional categories of regions, or areas. One consists of the primary sensory areas, which receive signals from the sensory nerves and tracts by way of relay nuclei in the thalamus. Primary sensory areas include the visual area of the occipital lobe, the auditory area in parts of the temporal lobe and insular cortex, and the somatosensory area in the parietal lobe. A second category is the primary motor area, which sends axons down to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. This area occupies the rear portion of the frontal lobe, directly in front of the somatosensory area. The third category consists of the remaining parts of the cortex, which are called the association areas. These areas receive input from the sensory areas and lower parts of the brain and are involved in the complex process that we call perception, thought, and decision making.
Understanding the relationship between the brain and the mind is a great challenge.^[19] It is very difficult to imagine how mental entities such as thoughts and emotions could be implemented by physical entities such as neurons and synapses, or by any other type of mechanism. The difficulty was expressed by Gottfried Leibniz in an analogy known as Leibniz's Mill:

One is obliged to admit that perception and what depends upon it is inexplicable on mechanical principles, that is, by figures and motions. In imagining that there is a machine whose construction would enable it to think, to sense, and to have perception, one could conceive it enlarged while retaining the same proportions, so that one could enter into it, just like into a windmill. Supposing this, one should, when visiting within it, find only parts pushing one another, and never anything by which to explain a perception. — Leibniz, Monadology

Incredulity about the possibility of a mechanistic explanation of thought drove René Descartes, and most of humankind along with him, to dualism: the belief that the mind exists independently of the brain. There has always, however been a strong argument in the opposite direction. There is overwhelming evidence that physical manipulations of the brain, for example by drugs, can affect the mind in potent and intimate ways^. To put it crudely: if a person gets knocked on the head, that person's mind goes away. The large body of empirical evidence for a close relationship between brain activity and mind activity has led the great majority of neuroscientists to be materialists: people who believe that mental phenomena are ultimately reducible to physical phenomena.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart
The human embryonic heart begins beating at around 22 days after conception.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_heart

Starry Night
Van Gogh

http://traavik.info/index.php/haerwerk-4---rock-steady-north-korea.html

The Norwegian Armed Forces Museum’s own Artist-in-Residence, Morten Traavik, has visited North Korea repeatedly over the last two years. In April this year, he made a tentative agreement with North Korean authorities to develop a series of independent art projects in the years ahead, based on his impressions from North Korean society and culture. The new exhibition ROCK STEADY NORTH KOREA! draws inspiration both from North Korean propaganda aesthetics and Western rock’n’roll iconography and points to possible similarities between two seemingly opposing ideologies. 

 

'Take On Me' by AHA played by accodeon quintet from Kum Song (Gold Star) Music School in Pyongyang North Corea, brought to Norway by Morten Traavik as part of his project "The Promised Land" project.

Kirkenes, Berents Spektakel 2012, February 10th.

Also filmed in Pyongyang, North Korea in December 2011.

March 14 2006
Rain chased a team of the Teachers Training Institute, Karaikal, Pondicherry, in the Zakir Rose Garden, Sector 16, Chandigarh, on Tuesday.

Cipher in the Snow is a short story written by Jean Mizer . A short film was made in 1973 by Brigham Young University.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matryoshka_doll The first Russian nested doll set was carved in 1890 by Vasily Zvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin... The doll set was painted by Malyutin. Malyutin's doll set consisted of eight dolls—the outermost was a girl in a traditional dress holding a rooster. The inner dolls were girls and a boy, and the innermost a baby. Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan.

Metaphorically... known as the "matryoshka principle" or "nested doll principle". It denotes a recognizable relationship of "object-within-similar-object" that appears in the design of many other natural and man-made objects.

Examples include the Matrioshka brain [A matrioshka brain is a hypothetical megastructure... of immense computational capacity. It is an example of a Class B stellar engine, employing the entire energy output of a star to drive computer systems]

and the Matroska media-container format [The Matroska Multimedia Container is an open standard free container format, a file format that can hold an unlimited number of video, audio, picture or subtitle tracks in one file.]

The "matryoshka principle" is also an example of Mise-en-abyme ["placed into abyss". The commonplace usage of this phrase is describing the visual experience of standing between two mirrors, seeing an infinite reproduction of one's image, but it has several other meanings in the realm of the creative arts and literary theory. In Western art history, "mise en abyme" is a formal technique in which an image contains a smaller copy of itself, the sequence appearing to recur infinitely.]

Compare Fractal. [Fractals are mathematical sets that can have dimensions that fall between the integers. They are typically self-similar patterns, where self-similar means they are "the same from near as from far". Thus, on a computer, as you zoom in on a fractal image, nothing changes and you see the same pattern appear over and over. As mathematical equations, fractals are considered nowhere differentiable, which in a concrete sense means that they cannot be measured in traditional ways.]

http://stop-nosebleeds.org/
GULP:
to swallow rapidly, esp in large mouthfuls: to gulp down food
to stifle or choke: to gulp back sobs
to swallow air convulsively, as while drinking, because of nervousness, surprise, etc
"Gulp" can mean two things, same with the following of "Double gulp".
Meaning 1: Gulp can mean "Uh-oh!" or that you are scared. When someone replies with "Double gulp!" it means they agree that they are scared but they are more scared.
Meaning 2: It means the same as above, but to put it shorter, it just means that you agree with what the original "Gulp" was referring to.